Subsurface drainage is the set of techniques and systems designed to collect and convey water that infiltrates the soil, controlling the water table and preventing problems such as waterlogging, erosion, and damage to foundations.
The system uses perforated or slotted pipes installed below ground level, surrounded by filter material (gravel, sand, or geotextile). Water from the soil enters through the perforations and is carried by gravity to a discharge point.
Controls soil moisture in croplands, improving productivity and preventing salinization. Essential in irrigated regions of the Midwest and Northeast.
Manages stormwater in cities, preventing flooding and protecting road infrastructure and buildings.
Protects road surfaces and embankments on highways, railways, and airports from the destructive action of subsurface water.
The basic process includes: excavation of the trench with proper slope, preparation of the trench bed, pipe laying, backfilling with filter material, compacted backfill, and connection to the discharge point.
Well-designed systems require minimal maintenance. Periodic inspections at discharge points and inspection chambers ensure continuous operation for decades.
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